Mu’awiyah’s letter to Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) and his invitation to peace and betrayal of Imam Hassan’s companions At the same time as some of the leaders of the army of Kufa fled and the main part of the army dispersed and the Imam (a.s.) was informed of the betrayal of the leaders […]
At the same time as some of the leaders of the army of Kufa fled and the main part of the army dispersed and the Imam (a.s.) was informed of the betrayal of the leaders of Kufa, Mu’awiya invited him to peace through a letter to the Imam and attached to his letter the letters of the companions of Imam Hassan (a.s.). Salam, in which they had promised to kill him and trick him. Muawiya also announced many conditions for peace and made many promises.
On the other hand, Imam (a.s.) knowing about Mu’awiyah’s deception and having such companions and helpers, had no choice but to leave the conflict. Therefore, he asked Mu’awiya to commit to fulfill the terms of peace and make a covenant in front of God that he will be faithful to these conditions, Mu’awiya also accepted his request and thus the Imam returned from the war zone to Kufa.
On the other hand, Qays bin Saad, who was in the position of the commander of the front brigades of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) in front of the front brigades of Muawiya’s army under the command of Basban Abi Arta’a with twenty thousand troops, moved to fight with Muawiya. Basr addressed Qays and his troops and shouted: Your Amir (Ubaydullah) pledged allegiance to Muawiyah, and Hasan bin Ali peace be upon him also made peace with him. So what do you fight and kill for?
At this time, Qays addressed his troops and said: You have two options ahead of you: war without an imam or allegiance with humiliation. They preferred war and fought with the army of Syria in such a way that they crushed them and forced them to retreat.
Mu’awiya wrote a letter to Qays and tried to deceive him and bring him close to him, but Qays replied to him: By God, you will not see me unless he judges between me and you with a sword and a spear. After learning about the reality of peace, every night some of Qays’s soldiers fled and joined Muawiya’s army. Inevitably, he also returned to Kufa with his men.1
Imam Hassan, peace be upon him, before returning to Kufa, knowing about the dispersal of the Kufas and the hypocrisy of his companions, said to them in order to complete the proof: “I know that you are with me in the position of makar and trickery, but I want to finish my proof against you. Gather tomorrow at a certain place and don’t break your oath and be afraid of God’s punishments”, then he stopped at that place for ten days, but no more than four thousand people gathered.
Then he went to the pulpit and said to them: I am surprised by a group that has neither religion nor modesty. Woe to you! By God, Muawiya will not fulfill what he has promised you in killing me. I wanted to establish the right religion for you, but you did not help me. I can worship God alone (and I don’t need you), but I swear to God, you will never find joy and happiness in the rule of the Umayyads, and all kinds of punishments will come upon you. It is as if I see your children standing at the door of their children’s houses and asking for water and food, but they are not given to them. By God, if I had a helper, I would not leave the work to Muawiyah; Because I swear by God and His Messenger that the caliphate is forbidden to the Umayyads. So peace be upon you, servants of the world, you will soon find the plague of your deeds.
In other words, Imam made other words before accepting the peace and said to the Kufis: I swear by God, no doubts or regrets have prevented us from fighting with the people of Sham, and we will fight with them based on patience and health. We fought, but sadly now we see that hostilities have destroyed health and sighs have made patience fruitless. O people! On the day you left for Safin war, your religion was superior to your world, but today you prefer the world to your religion. You have two groups of dead in front of you today. The dead of Safin, whom you are crying over, and the dead of Nahrvan, whose blood you are crying for, but know that the one who cries will be humiliated and humiliated, and those who want blood will also hold grudges. Know that Muawiya invites us to a matter in which there is neither honor nor fairness. Now, if you like your world, we will accept his invitation and get your satisfaction.
At this time, people shouted from all sides: We want life, life and remaining in the world.
After the disappointment of Imam Hasan (a.s.) from accompanying the Kufis and leaving him, the Imam gave a positive answer to Mu’awiyah’s proposal of peace with the special conditions that he set, and Mu’awiyah guaranteed to do so, and a peace agreement was concluded.
Historians have disagreed about the contents of the peace agreement, and its analysis is beyond our discussion, but it should be mentioned that after the conclusion of the agreement (with whatever terms it was), Muawiyah officially declared his non-compliance with the peace agreement in public. did In his sermon, he addressed the people of Kufa and said: “By God, I did not fight with you because you pray and fast, perform Hajj and pay Zakat, because you perform these actions. I fought with you to gain dominion over you, and God fulfilled my desire, while it is unpleasant for you. Be aware that I made promises to Hasan bin Ali, may peace be upon him, and made agreements with him, but now I am breaking all of them and will not act on any of them”, and in other words, he said: I gave what Hassan bin Ali Peace be upon you, I forgave you, I destroyed you under my feet, and I will not be faithful to any of them.2
In justifying his opposition to Amir al-Mu’minin Ali (peace be upon him) and standing against the Muslims, Muawiya raised the need for the blood of the slain caliph (Uthman). At that time, the overwhelming majority of the people of Iraq, Hijaz and Egypt (as opposed to Syria) and the elite of the Companions who lived in these areas had pledged allegiance to Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) against his will, and Muawiyah, who was the son of the number one enemy of the Holy Prophet He, peace and blessings be upon him, lacked a remarkable personality among the Companions.
Therefore, at the beginning, Mu’awiya was tricking and tricking, if Ali (peace be upon him) hands over the murderers of Osman, I will pledge allegiance to him. With this speech, he managed to justify his opposition among the common people (both the people of Syria and the people who support Osman in other areas). On the other hand, he knew that the Holy Prophet would not comply with his request, because he considered those who were the most chosen companions of Amir al-Mu’minin, peace be upon him, to be the murderers of Uthman. People like Ammar Yasir, Malik Ashtar, Muhammad bin Abi Bakr, Amr bin Hamaq and…
After the Kufis overstepped their laziness and did not help Amir al-Mu’minin, peace be upon him, Mu’awiya created a great fear among the people of Iraq and Hijaz with many invasions in his territory. After the martyrdom of Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) and Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) being left alone after concluding the peace agreement he had proposed, Mu’awiya boldly announced to the people of Kufa, “I did not fight you for your religion, but for my world.” , and then in the position of showing power and humiliating the Kufians, he openly expressed his disloyalty to the peace agreement.
The Kufis, who used to argue with Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.) and Imam Hassan (a.s.) and did not obey their orders, did not stand up against Mu’awiya’s obvious arrogance, which was against Sharia, morals, and even the traditions of the Arabs. !
Another noteworthy point is to forget the main and apparent excuse of Muawiya’s rebellion, which is Uthman’s bloodlust. Although he announced that he will not implement the peace agreement with Imam Hassan (peace be upon him), he abandoned the pursuit of the remaining people who he claimed were the killers of Uthman and were captured by him during the occupation of Kufa, and for this he was questioned by Ahl Sham and other fans of Usman did not happen!
The reaction of Kufis towards peace is also noteworthy. As it was said, the army of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) was formed from different and opposite political and ideological spectrums and currents. The Kharijites, who had only appeared with the claim of war against Muawiyah (and not believing in the Imamate and Caliphate of Imam Hasan, peace be upon him), separated from him after the words of the Imam, peace be upon him, and after the failed attempt on his life, they organized themselves and faced They got up with Muawiya.
The well-wishers and nobles of Kufa, who pretended to obey the Imam (peace be upon him), obtained a suitable excuse and considered the peace and allegiance of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) with Mu’awiyah as a discharge of their duty and led to a worldly life and obedience to Muawiya was amused.
Others accepted the competence and worthiness of Amir al-Mu’minin, peace be upon him, and Imam Hasan, peace be upon him, for the caliphate over Muawiya, and they did not want the son of Abu Sufyan and Hind Jaggerkhar for the caliphate and government, but they were not willing to give up their comfort and convenience in the way of those righteous caliphs. And therefore they did not help them properly. With Muawiyah’s rule and his lack of adherence to peace, this group became desperate and regretted and gave in to the situation by force.
As Amir al-Mu’minin, peace be upon him, predicted their humiliation.
In the meantime, certain Shiites and the chosen companions of Amir al-Mu’minin, peace be upon him, and Imam Hassan, peace be upon him, had a painful situation in Kufa. They, despite being small in number, had never disobeyed their rightful imams, and the current situation was completely unbearable for them. The situation of these groups of companions and companions of Amir al-Mu’minin, peace be upon him, after the peace of Imam Hassan, peace be upon him, requires a comprehensive and separate investigation. Here, only two Shia encounters with Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) are mentioned after the peace:
While dealing with the Imam (peace be upon him), Musayib bin Najaba expressed surprise at the peace and Mu’awiyah’s lack of adherence to its implementation, and asked the Imam to return to his previous position and rush to confront Mu’awiyah.
Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) replied: O Misyib! If I had sought the world and fought with this intention, I would have been more resistant and patient than Muawiyah during the battle, but I asked for your advice to prevent some of you from fighting with others. So please be satisfied with God’s judgment and destiny so that the righteous people are at ease in this state and are safe from the attack of the evildoers.
Similarly, Hajarin Adi, in his words that showed his great love for the Prophet’s family, but in a rude and polite tone, said to the Imam: We returned from the battle with Muawiya with dissatisfaction and resentment, but our enemies were happy. And Razi left the battle scene.
His words were dear to Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) and changed his face. Imam Hussain, peace be upon him, pointed to Hajar, and silenced him. At this time, Imam Hassan, peace be upon him, said: “O Hajar! Not all people like what you like, and not all of their opinions are the same as yours. What I did was not for the purpose of keeping you (and others like you) and God’s will is like this every day.3
Reference source: The book of Kufa and its role in the first centuries of Islam, written by Dr. Mohammad Hossein Rajabi Devani.
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